{"product_id":"advancing-the-framework-for-assessing-causality-of-health-and-welfare-effects-to-inform-national-ambient-air-quality-standard-reviews","title":"Advancing the Framework for Assessing Causality of Health and Welfare Effects to Inform National Ambient Air Quality Standard Reviews","description":"\u003ch1\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003eAdvancing the Framework for Assessing Causality of Health and Welfare Effects to Inform National Ambient Air Quality Standard Reviews\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003eAs part of its responsibilities under the Clean Air Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sets National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the air pollutants carbon monoxide, lead, oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter, ozone, and sulfur dioxide. EPA uses a \"weight of evidence approach\" to evaluate evidence from scientific studies and describe the causal relationships between these \"criteria pollutants\" and any adverse impacts on human health and on public welfare - including impacts on wildlife, water, forests, agriculture, and climate. The evaluation, called an Integrated Science Assessment, is used to inform standards setting associated with the criteria pollutants. This report, produced at the request of EPA, describes EPAs and several other frameworks for inferring causality of health or welfare effects and the characteristics of evidence useful for forming a causal determination. The report concludes that EPAs causal framework is effective, reliable, and scientifically defensible, provided that key scientific questions are identified and a range of necessary expertise is engaged. More transparency in how EPA integrates evidence could improve confidence in their determinations, and more guidance is needed in the framework on how evidence should be examined for vulnerable groups (e.g., human sub-populations) and sensitive ecosystems or species.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAutor:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e AA. VV.\u003cspan style=\"color: #b3b3b3;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaracterísticas técnicas:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003eTamaño cerrado 178 x 254 mm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003e186 páginas interiores\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003eTapa rústica\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003eEncuadernación lomo cuadrado\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #262626;\"\u003eEn Webook cuidamos el medio ambiente, imprimimos lo justo y este libro lo haremos especialmente para ti \u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Bibliomanager","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":46775553654921,"sku":"001-0000291673","price":39600.0,"currency_code":"CLP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0688\/5703\/6937\/files\/1499499_IMAGEN_TAPA_G_001_97efb188-8a52-40ec-892b-f699c12e1553.jpg?v=1779274979","url":"https:\/\/webook.cl\/products\/advancing-the-framework-for-assessing-causality-of-health-and-welfare-effects-to-inform-national-ambient-air-quality-standard-reviews","provider":"WeBook","version":"1.0","type":"link"}